9/12/2023 0 Comments Chia pet weight![]() Allele-specific chromatin loops were observed at some imprinted loci, such as the H19/IGF2 locus ( 5). Chromatin loop disruption may alter gene expression ( 10), and more importantly, oncogene activation could be caused by genetic variants that disrupt chromatin loops ( 11). Pivotal genes in the reprogramming process are transcribed within physical proximity to each other in embryonic stem cells ( 9). Cell identity controlling genes are located within CTCF–CTCF loops in mammalian chromosomes ( 8). The CFTR gene promoter interacts with different distal cell-type specific regulatory elements that are all located within the same TAD ( 7). Enhancer-promoter interactions are highly cell-type specific ( 6). ![]() ![]() CTCF, cohesin and ZNF143 are the key architectural factors of 3D chromatin structure ( 5, 6). For instance, ER-α-binding sites are anchored at gene promoters through long-range chromatin interactions to regulate target genes ( 2). ![]() The use of ChIA-PET has helped deepen our view of 3D genome organization and chromatin impact on gene regulation. In principle, ChIA-PET requires several main steps such as cross-linking the chromatin, proximity ligating the interacting fragments with linkers and sequencing the paired-ends of DNA fragments to estimate the frequency of chromatin interactions ( 2, 4). While Hi-C was developed to capture all chromatin interactions and is effective for mapping large-scale structures such as chromatin compartments and topologically associated domains ( 1, 3), ChIA-PET is emerging as an important experimental method for detecting specific protein-mediated chromatin loops genome-wide at high resolution. A number of high-throughput methods based on nuclear proximity ligation have been developed to detect genome-wide chromatin interactions, including high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) ( 1, 2). ![]()
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